Analytical Report (Whig-Democrat) Political Parties Essay Assignment Paper
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Analytical Report (Whig-Democrat) Political Parties
The 1796 election in America was the first ever in its history. Presidents began running as representatives of organized political groups with opposing local, federal, and national political fundamentals. Almost all Revolutionary War leaders were stunned by this recent development. Even Madison, who was among the first to appreciate the importance of activist parties, assumed they would indeed be short-term alliances for specific voting (Painter and Qiu, 69). They fail to recognize the vital new conditions created by majority rule — a democratic republic — towards the American Revolution. Citizens saw themselves as a major force in legitimizing federal power. Electorates in the current American political movements reveal themselves fundamentally through these party affiliations. This paper gives clarification why the democrats and Whigs developed, and why one would identify with the groups. The paper argues that different beliefs, setup, local context, economic value and social setup led to development of the differences.
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This contemporary political characteristic first appeared in a presidential race in 1796. The names chosen by both parties reflected their most cherished values. The Federalists movement of 1796 were staunch defenders of the United States federal state and the Appellant (Dorrell and Lee, 10). Despite Washington’s warnings that parties were a grave threat to the union, Adams became the Federalists’ de facto representative. The party’s stronghold supporters backed Hamilton’s manifestos. The vendors, bankers, and urban skilled craftsmen who helped build the Northeast’s booming business economy were its biggest defenders. The opposition party, renamed democratic-republicans, pledged to extend the Revolution for ordinary citizens.
The Democratic-Republicans pulled support from several portions of American society, inclusive of farmers throughout the country, with strong support from German and Scots-Irish cultural minorities (Painte et al). Despite the fact that it successfully attained regular people, its top people were super rich southern smoking elites such as Jefferson as well as Madison. Whereas the Democrats seem to be way varied, because of their association with former soldier Washington, this same Federalists were far more prosperous and highly regarded. The 1796 leadership contest was battled with unordinary zeal. Federalist Party saw themselves as “mates of order” and “mates of responsible government (Leahy).” Their adversaries were viewed as threatening extremists who could yield the French Revolution’s upheaval towards United States.
The Democrats loathed federalist initiatives. As per to the “New York newspaper,” the Articles of confederation were “aristocrats attempting to laying the groundwork of absolute monarchy,” while also the democrats “were the true followers of liberation, acquaintances of equal treatment, as well as toasty proponents of free voting administration (Painte et al., 70).” In this harsh atmosphere, there was little room for negotiation. The result of the presidential campaign revealed a close compromise among the various political movements. New England unanimously approved John Adam’s, whereas the southern regions largely supported Jefferson. The Atlantic territories, in which constitutions were among the most advanced, contributed significantly to the electoral cycle. John won the popular vote by a thin margin of nearly 71 to 68. Perhaps the Convention clause had found that the runner-up mostly in presidential campaign would be the vice president stood as a clear indicator of the beautiful uniqueness of political groups.
Why did the Democrats and Whigs develop?
The competitiveness between both the Whig and Democratic Parties dubbed the “Second American Party System,” began during Andrew Jackson’s presidency (Van Bavel, 220). Democrats banded together to safeguard Jackson’s leadership contest in 1828, then rallied underneath his initiative of Indian expulsion, no taxpayer subsidies for public works projects, resistance to the Federal reserve system, support for enslavement, additionally the “spoils system” that depended on sponsorship for political management. Whigs defended Henry Clay’s federalist American System, conversed with evangelical restructuring, and refused to consider Democratic methods of the famous campaign and party establishment. In most states, the fully grown parties contested closely and momentarily soothed sectional conflict before dividing in the mid-1800s over slavery into the United States (Kannan and Veazie, 96). The Whigs did not run for president in the mid-1800, but also the Second-Party System collapsed. Due to the Northern Whigs (Roberts) as well as antislavery Democrats united to form the Republican Establishment; southern Whiggery plummeted, and Democrats stayed as the only national political party.
Some Americans admired Andrew Jackson’s robust and energetic leadership style. Others, however, were resisted. This debate resulted in forming a two-party political structure in which American voters could choose between being Democrats, like Andrew, or Whigs, who rejected Jackson’s thoughts and strategies. Like the rest of the country, North Carolinians fell into the two-party system after the constitutional amendment of 1835. Democrats generally argued that the American Revolution had liberated people from an overly active and influential British government. Democrats at the time believed that the government could quickly become involved in too many aspects of people’s lives (Jessen., 68). They presumed that the little administration that really should be allowed to thrive should be mainly restricted so that electorates could closely regulate and manage it. Democrats were also generally opposed to rising amounts of public spending.
Whig constituents, on the contrary, believed that the federal state should participate actively and well-directed duty in shaping the country’s resources and capabilities. Whigs argued that people would succeed if Congress took the lead in improving infrastructure and enhancing roads. Whigs also advocated for increased industrialization and government subsidies for banks to bolster the economy. In short, Whigs supported the perfect that Congress could do for the people. They were also unafraid of raising taxes to fund their programs.
Why a Whig or Democrat-
Whig as a political organization had some unifying elements that ensured the leaders’ ideologies were tabled and on the same page. To belong to the Whig party and to have a membership, one had to support the ideas of higher tariffs, land revenues to states, and the passing of relief legislation in response to the financial panics between 1837 and 1839 (Husch., 4). Moreover, membership under the Whig party, one had to of the notion of embracing slavery, and it is evident from the leader Jackson himself as he was a proponent of slavery and personally owned as many as 161 enslaved persons. Therefore, those are some of the traits it took to become a member of the Whig political party.
Whereas for one to gain membership with the Democrat party, they had to believe the following set of ideologies to be on the same page and move motions uniformly, the democrats solemnly believe that the economy should work for everyone, and this would mean from various aspects to ensure the livelihoods of the Americans are best met, either through proper healthcare, believing in diversity, unlike the Whigs. The latter never advocated for diversity instead pushed for the slavery of people of color (Jenkins., 326). Therefore, those are some of the beliefs that joined together the leaders as they agreed on them solemnly and distinguished the party members from the political parties-Whig and democrat.
Conclusion
The Democrat-Whig party antebellum ensured a two-party state. A failure to achieve these goals would cause members to defect to another party that best serves and completes their ideologies. Usually, the ideologies are economic, regional, social, and ideological. For example, the democrats kept the south side due to their support for equal human rights. This made many voters in such areas automatically democrats. The study also shows that neither the Whig nor the Democrats were a coalition of voters whose shared values and attitudes brought them together. However, the impersonal economic and societal beliefs kept them together until their demise due to over-reliance on their shared and unifying ideas.
Works Cited
Dorrell, John, and Keunjae Lee. “The Politics of Wind: A State Level Analysis of Political Party Impact on Wind Energy Development in the United States.” Energy Research & Social Science, vol. 69, 2020, p. 10., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101602.
Husch, Gail E. “George Caleb Bingham’s ‘the County Election:” Whig Tribute to the Will of the People.” American Art Journal, vol. 19, no. 4, June 2020, p. 4., https://doi.org/10.2307/1594498.
Jenkins-Smith, Hank C., et al. “Partisan Asymmetry in Temporal Stability of Climate Change Beliefs.” Nature Climate Change, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 322–328., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0719-y.
Jessen, Nathan. “Populism and Conspiracy: A Historical Synthesis of American Countersubversive Narratives.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol. 78, no. 3, 2019, pp. 67–71., https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12275.
Kannan, Viji Diane, and Peter J. Veazie. “Political Orientation, Political Environment, and Health Behaviors in the United States.” Preventive Medicine, vol. 114, 2018, pp. 95–101., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.06.011.
Leahy, Christopher J. President without a Party: The Life of John Tyler. Louisiana State University Press, 2020.
Question
The third and final essay you will write for this class will have you make an argument about the second Party System. As a historian, you will analyze the provided primary sources (“documents”) and write an analytical report. Your report should be 1000-1500 words, which is about 3-5 pages long. This essay will be worth 150 points, which is 15% of your final grade. It is due by Thursday, April 7, both in physical copy and electronically on
Your essay should make an argument in response to this prompt:
The antebellum United States is sometimes considered the beginning of American democracy, as it saw the emergence of widespread (but still limited to mostly white men) political participation and a robust two-party political system.
Historians debate the origins of this system and the motivations of its participants. Why did the Democrats and Whigs develop? Why would a person become a Whig or a Democrat—political beliefs, differences in religious values and world views, economic conflict, something else?
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